Seminars in Hematology
Volume 46 , Pages S5-S10 , April 2009

Optimizing First-Line Therapy for Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

  • Carmen Fava
  • ,
  • Jorge Cortes

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Jorge Cortes, MD, Professor of Medicine, Deputy Chair, Department of Leukemia, Chief, CML Section, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 428, Houston, TX 77030

References 

  1. Haut A, Abbott WS, Wintrobe MM, Cartwright GE. Busulfan in the treatment of chronic myelocytic leukemia (the effect of long term intermittent therapy). Blood. 1961;17:1–19
  2. Hehlmann R, Heimpel H, Hasford J, Kolb HJ, Pralle H, Hossfeld DK, et al. The German CML Study Group Randomized comparison of busulfan and hydroxyurea in chronic myelogenous leukemia: prolongation of survival by hydroxyurea. Blood. 1993;82:398–407
  3. Kennedy BJ. Hydroxyurea therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer. 1972;29:1052–1056
  4. Koziner B, Dengra C, Lucero G, Klein G, Canepa C, Milovic V, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (the Argentine Group of Bone Marrow Transplantation (GATMO) experience). Cancer. 2002;95:2339–2345
  5. Kernan NA, Bartsch G, Ash RC, Beatty PG, Champlin R, Filipovich A, et al. Analysis of 462 transplantations from unrelated donors facilitated by the National Marrow Donor Program. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:593–602
  6. Talpaz M, Kantarjian HM, McCredie KB, Keating MJ, Trujillo J, Gutterman J. Clinical investigation of human alpha interferon in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood. 1987;69:1280–1288
  7. Kantarjian HM, Smith TL, O'Brien S, Beran M, Pierce S, Talpaz M. Prolonged survival in chronic myelogenous leukemia after cytogenetic response to interferon-alpha therapy (The Leukemia Service). Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:254–261
  8. Baccarani M, Russo D, Rosti G, Martinelli G. Interferon-alfa for chronic myeloid leukemia. Semin Hematol. 2003;40:22–33
  9. Kantarjian HM, O'Brien S, Cortes JE, Shan J, Giles FJ, Rios MB, et al. Complete cytogenetic and molecular responses to interferon-alpha-based therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia are associated with excellent long-term prognosis. Cancer. 2003;97:1033–1041
  10. Guilhot F, Chastang C, Michallet M, Guerci A, Harousseau JL, Maloisel F, et al. Interferon alfa-2b combined with cytarabine versus interferon alone in chronic myelogenous leukemia (French Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Study Group). N Engl J Med. 1997;337:223–229
  11. Robin M, Guardiola P, Devergie A, Yeshurun M, Shapiro S, Esperou H, et al. A 10-year median follow-up study after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase from HLA-identical sibling donors. Leukemia. 2005;19:1613–1620
  12. Fausel C. Targeted chronic myeloid leukemia therapy: seeking a cure. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007;64(Suppl 15):S9–S15
  13. Angstreich GR, Smith BD, Jones RJ. Treatment options for chronic myeloid leukemia: Imatinib versus interferon versus allogeneic transplant. Curr Opin Oncol. 2004;16:95–99
  14. Baccarani M, Saglio G, Goldman J, Hochhaus A, Simonsson B, Appelbaum F, et al. Evolving concepts in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia: recommendations from an expert panel on behalf of the European LeukemiaNet. Blood. 2006;108:1809–1820
  15. Silver RT, Woolf SH, Hehlmann R, Appelbaum FR, Anderson J, Bennett C, et al. An evidence-based analysis of the effect of busulfan, hydroxyurea, interferon, and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in treating the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia: Developed for the American Society of Hematology. Blood. 1999;94:1517–1536
  16. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN: clinical practice guidelines in oncology (Chronic myelogenous leukemia). Jenkintown, PA: © National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc; 2009;Version 2
  17. Buchdunger E, Zimmermann J, Mett H, Meyer T, Muller M, Druker BJ, et al. Inhibition of the ABL protein-tyrosine kinase in vitro and in vivo by a 2-phenylaminopyrimidine derivative. Cancer Res. 1996;56:100–104
  18. Druker BJ, Tamura S, Buchdunger E, Ohno S, Segal GM, Fanning S, et al. Effects of a selective inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase on the growth of Bcr-Abl positive cells. Nat Med. 1996;2:561–566
  19. Buchdunger E, Cioffi CL, Law N, Stover D, Ohno-Jones S, Druker BJ, et al. Abl protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 inhibits in vitro signal transduction mediated by c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000;295:139–145
  20. O'Brien SG, Guilhot F, Larson RA, Gathmann I, Baccarani M, Cervantes F, et al. Imatinib compared with interferon and low-dose cytarabine for newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:994–1004
  21. Druker BJ, Guilhot F, O'Brien SG, Gathmann I, Kantarjian H, Gattermann N, et al. Five-year follow-up of patients receiving imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2408–2417
  22. Hochhaus A, Drucker BJ, Larson RA, O'Brien SG, Gathmann I, Guilhot F. IRIS 6-year follow-up: sustained survival and declining annual rate of transformation in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) treated with imatinib. Blood. 2007;110:15a–16a
  23. Kantarjian HM, Cortes JE, O'Brien S, Giles F, Garcia-Manero G, Faderl S, et al. Imatinib mesylate therapy in newly diagnosed patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia: High incidence of early complete and major cytogenetic responses. Blood. 2003;101:97–100
  24. Guilhot F, Maloisel F, Guyotat D, Vilque JP, Michallet M, Harousseau JL, et al. Significant survival improvement with a combination of interferon alpha2b (IFN) and cytarabine (ara-C) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (Update of a randomized trial [abstract 23]). J Clin Oncol. 1999;18
  25. Roy L, Guilhot J, Krahnke T, Guerci-Bresler A, Druker BJ, Larson RA, et al. Survival advantage from imatinib compared with the combination interferon-alpha plus cytarabine in chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia: historical comparison between two phase 3 trials. Blood. 2006;108:1478–1484
  26. Kantarjian HM, Talpaz M, O'Brien S, Jones D, Giles F, Garcia-Manero G, et al. Survival benefit with imatinib mesylate versus interferon-alpha-based regimens in newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood. 2006;108:1835–1840
  27. de Lavallade H, Apperley JF, Khorashad JS, Milojkovic D, Reid AG, Bua M, et al. Imatinib for newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: incidence of sustained responses in an intention-to-treat analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:3358–3363
  28. Druker BJ, Talpaz M, Resta DJ, Peng B, Buchdunger E, Ford JM, et al. Efficacy and safety of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1031–1037
  29. Kantarjian H, Talpaz M, O'Brien S, Garcia-Manero G, Verstovsek S, Giles F, et al. High-dose imatinib mesylate therapy in newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2004;103:2873–2878
  30. Cortes J, Giles F, Salvado AJ. Molecular responses in newly diagnosed chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) patients treated with 800 mg imatinib daily: an update from the RIGHT trial study group. Blood. 2006;108:609a–610a
  31. Aoki E, Kantarjian H, O'Brien S. High-dose imatinib mesylate treatment in patients (pts) with untreated early chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): 2.5-year follow-up. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006;24:345
  32. Hughes TP, Branford S, White DL, Reynolds J, Koelmeyer R, Seymour JF, et al. Impact of early dose intensity on cytogenetic and molecular responses in chronic- phase CML patients receiving 600 mg/day of imatinib as initial therapy. Blood. 2008;112:3965–3973
  33. Hitt EP. TOPS trial: High-dose imatinib shows modest benefit in front-line chronic myeloid leukemia. Medscape http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/5761072008;Accessed June 20, 2008
  34. Higher initial dose of Glivec achieved better early responses than standard dose for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (Novartis Oncology Press Release). June 13 2008;
  35. Baccarani M, Castagnetti F, Porkka K. A prospective study of imatinib 400 mg vs 800 mg as a front-line therapy in Sokal high risk Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Haematologica. 2008;93:161–162
  36. Jabbour E, Kantarjian HM, Jones D, Shan J, O'Brien S, Reddy N, et al. Imatinib mesylate dose escalation is associated with durable responses in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia post cytogenetic failure on standard-dose imatinib therapy. Blood. 2008;Dec 5. [Epub ahead of print]
  37. Kantarjian HM, Larson RA, Guilhot F, O'Brien SG, Mone M, Rudoltz M, et al. Efficacy of imatinib dose escalation in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase. Cancer. 2009;115:551–560
  38. Cortes J, Jones D, O'Brien S, Ferrajoli A, Borhtakur G, Burger J, et al. Efficacy of nilotinib in patients (pts) with newly diagnosed, previously untreated Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in early chronic phase (CML-CP). Hematologica. 2008;93:48
  39. Cortes J, O'Brien S, Ferrajoli A, Borhtakur G, Burger J, Wierda W, et al. Efficacy of nilotinib (AMN107) in patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in early chronic phase (CML-CP). J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:376s
  40. Rosti G, Castagnetti F, Palandri F. Nilotinib 800 mg daily as first line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in early chronic phase: results of a phase II trial of the GIMEMA CML working party. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:385s
  41. Rosti G, Castagnetti F, Palandri F, Breccia M, Levato L, Capucci A, et al. Nilotinib 800 mg daily as first line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in early chronic phase: results of a phase 2 trial of the GIMEMA CML working party. Hematologica. 2008;93:161
  42. Borthakur G, Kantarjian HM, O'Brien SM, Jones D, Koller C, Nicaise C, et al. Efficacy of dasatinib in patients (pts) with previously untreated chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in early chronic phase (CML-CP). J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:375s

 Editorial support was provided by Jeni Fagan (Health Interactions) on behalf of Novartis Oncology.

 STATEMENT OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST: Dr Cortes has received research grant support from Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp; Dr. Fava has no relationships with the supplement sponsor to disclose.

PII: S0037-1963(09)00018-3

doi: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2009.01.007

Seminars in Hematology
Volume 46 , Pages S5-S10 , April 2009