Seminars in Hematology
Volume 44, Issue 4 , Pages 234-245 , October 2007

Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Lymphoma

  • Norbert Schmitz

      Affiliations

    • Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, ASKLEPIOS Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Prof Dr N. Schmitz, Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, ASKLEPIOS Klinik St. Georg, Lohmühlenstr. 5, D-20099 Hamburg, Germany.
  • ,
  • Christian Buske

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medicine III, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
  • ,
  • Christian Gisselbrecht

      Affiliations

    • Service d’Hémato-Oncologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.

References 

  1. Gratwohl A, Baldomero H, Frauendorfer K, Urbano-Ispizua A, Niederwieser D, et al. Joint Accreditation Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy ISCT Results of the EBMT activity survey 2005 on haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Focus on increasing use of unrelated donors. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2007;39:71–87
  2. Coiffier B, Lepage E, Briere J, Herbrecht R, Tilly H, Bouabdallah R, et al. CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:235–242
  3. Herold M, Haas A, Srock S, Neser S, Al-Ali KH, Neubauer A, et al. Rituximab added to first-line mitoxantrone, chlorambucil, and prednisolone chemotherapy followed by interferon maintenance prolongs survival in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma: An East German Study Group Hematology and Oncology study. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:1986–1992
  4. Diehl V, Franklin J, Pfreundschuh M, Lathan B, Paulus U, Hasenclever D, et al. Standard and increased-dose BEACOPP chemotherapy compared with COPP-ABVD for advanced Hodgkin’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2386–2395
  5. Horning SJ, Hoppe RT, Breslin S, Bartlett NL, Brown BW, Rosenberg SA. Stanford V and radiotherapy for locally extensive and advanced Hodgkin’s disease: Mature results of a prospective clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:630–637
  6. Radford JA, Rohatiner AZS, Ryder WDJ, et al. ChlVPP/EVA hybrid v the weekly VAPEC-B regimen for previously untreated Hodgkin’s disease. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:2988–2994
  7. Gobbi PG, Cavalli C, Federico M, Bertoloni D, Di Prisco UA, Rossi A, et al. Hodgkin’s disease prognosis: a directly predictive equation. Lancet. 1988;1:675–679
  8. Straus DJ, Gaynor JJ, Myers J, Merke DP, Caravelli J, Chapman D, et al. Prognostic factors among 185 adults with newly diagnosed advanced Hodgkin’s disease treated with alternating potentially noncross-resistant chemotherapy and intermediate-dose radiation therapy. J Clin Oncol. 1990;8:1173–1186
  9. Proctor SJ, Taylor P, Donnan P, Boys R, Lennard A, Prescott RJ. A numerical prognostic index for clinical use in identification of poor-risk patients with Hodgkin’s disease at diagnosis (Scotland and Newcastle Lymphoma Group (SNLG) Therapy Working Party). Eur J Cancer. 1991;27:624–629
  10. Hasenclever D, Diehl V. A prognostic score for advanced Hodgkin’s disease (International Prognostic Factors Project on Advanced Hodgkin’s Disease). N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1506–1514
  11. Hasenclever D, Schmitz N, Diehl V. Is there a rationale for high-dose chemotherapy as first line treatment of advanced Hodgkin’s disease? (German Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG)). Leuk Lymphoma. 1995;15(suppl 1):47–49
  12. Carella AM, Carlier P, Congiu A, Occhini D, Nati S, Santini G, et al. Autologous bone marrow transplantation as adjuvant treatment for high-risk Hodgkin’s disease in first complete remission after MOPP/ABVD protocol. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1991;8:99–103
  13. Federico M, Bellei M, Brice P, Brugiatelli M, Nagler A, Gisselbrecht C, et al. High-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation v conventional therapy for patients with advanced Hodgkin’s lymphoma responding to front-line therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2320–2325
  14. Josting A, Franklin J, May M, Koch P, Beykirch MK, Heinz J, et al. New prognostic score based on treatment outcome of patients with relapsed Hodgkin’s lymphoma registered in the database of the German Hodgkin’s lymphoma study group. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:221–230
  15. Lohri A, Barnett M, Fairey RN, O’Reilly SE, Phillips GL, Reece D, et al. Outcome of treatment of first relapse of Hodgkin’s disease after primary chemotherapy: Identification of risk factors from the British Columbia experience 1970 to 1988. Blood. 1991;77:2292–2298
  16. Brice P, Bastion Y, Divine M, Nedellec G, Ferrant A, Gabarre J, et al. Analysis of prognostic factors after the first relapse of Hodgkin’s disease in 187 patients. Cancer. 1996;78:1293–1299
  17. Lazarus HM, Loberiza FR, Zhang MJ, Armitage JO, Ballen KK, Bashey A, et al. Autotransplants for Hodgkin’s disease in first relapse or second remission: A report from the autologous blood and marrow transplant registry (ABMTR). Bone Marrow Transplant. 2001;27:387–396
  18. Josting A, Reiser M, Rueffer U, Salzberger B, Diehl V, Engert A. Treatment of primary progressive Hodgkin’s and aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Is there a chance for cure?. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:332–339
  19. Linch DC, Winfield D, Goldstone AH, Moir D, Hancock B, McMillan A, et al. Dose intensification with autologous bone-marrow transplantation in relapsed and resistant Hodgkin’s disease: Results of a BNLI randomised trial. Lancet. 1993;341:1051–1054
  20. Schmitz N, Pfistner B, Sextro M, Sieber M, Carella AM, Haenel M, et al. Aggressive conventional chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for relapsed chemosensitive Hodgkin’s disease: A randomised trial. Lancet. 2002;359:2065–2071
  21. Schmitz N, Haverkamp H, Josting A, Carella AM, Haenel M, Boissevain F, et al. Long term follow up in relapsed Hodgkin’s disease (HD): Updated results of the HD-R1 study comparing conventional chemotherapy (cCT) to high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologous haemopoetic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) and the Working Party Lymphoma of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2005;23:562s;(abstr)
  22. Moskowitz CH, Kewalramani T, Nimer SD, Gonzalez M, Zelenetz AD, Yahalom J. Effectiveness of high dose chemoradiotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with biopsy-proven primary refractory Hodgkin’s disease. Br J Haematol. 2004;124:645–652
  23. Sweetenham JW, Carella AM, Taghipour G, Cunningham D, Marcus R, Della Volpe A, et al. High-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for adult patients with Hodgkin’s disease who do not enter remission after induction chemotherapy: Results in 175 patients reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (Lymphoma Working Party). J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:3101–3109
  24. Lazarus HM, Rowlings PA, Zhang MJ, Vose JM, Armitage JO, Bierman PJ, et al. Autotransplants for Hodgkin’s disease in patients never achieving remission: A report from the Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:534–545
  25. Andre M, Henry-Amar M, Pico JL, Brice P, Blaise D, Kuentz M, et al. Comparison of high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation with conventional therapy for Hodgkin’s disease induction failure: A case-control study (Societe Francaise de Greffe de Moelle). J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:222–229
  26. Robinson SP, Sureda A, Canals C, Taghipour G, Russell N, Caballero D, et al: Reduced intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation for Hodgkin’s disease: Identification of prognostic factors predicting outcome. Blood (submitted)
  27. Kuruvilla J, Nagy T, Pintilie M, Tsang R, Keating A, Crump M. Similar response rates and superior early progression-free survival with gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin salvage therapy compared with carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan salvage therapy prior to autologous stem cell transplantation for recurrent or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer. 2006;106:353–360
  28. Baetz T, Belch A, Couban S, Imrie K, Yau J, Myers R, et al. Gemcitabine, dexamethasone and cisplatin is an active and non-toxic chemotherapy regimen in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin’s disease: A phase II study by the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Ann Oncol. 2003;14:1762–1767
  29. Moskowitz CH, Nimer SD, Zelenetz AD, Trippett T, Hedrick EE, Filippa DA, et al. A 2-step comprehensive high-dose chemoradiotherapy second-line program for relapsed and refractory Hodgkin disease: Analysis by intent to treat and development of a prognostic model. Blood. 2001;97:616–623
  30. Oyan B, Koc Y, Ozdemir E, Kars A, Turker A, Tekuzman G, et al. Ifosfamide, idarubicin, and etoposide in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin disease or non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A salvage regimen with high response rates before autologous stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2005;11:688–697
  31. Spaepen K, Stroobants S, Dupont P, Vandenberghe P, Maertens J, Bormans G, et al. Prognostic value of pretransplantation positron emission tomography using fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose in patients with aggressive lymphoma treated with high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2003;102:53–59
  32. Coiffier B. Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of indolent lymphomas. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2005;18:69–80
  33. Buske C, Weigert O, Dreyling M, Unterhalt M, Hiddemann W. Current status and perspective of antibody therapy in follicular lymphoma. Haematologica. 2006;91:104–112
  34. Marcus R, Imrie K, Belch A, Cunningham D, Flores E, Catalano J, et al. CVP chemotherapy plus Rituximab compared with CVP as first-line treatment for advanced follicular lymphoma. Blood. 2005;105:1417–1423
  35. Hiddemann W, Kneba M, Dreyling M, Schmitz N, Lengfelder E, Schmits R, et al. Frontline therapy with rituximab added to the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) significantly improves the outcome for patients with advanced-stage follicular lymphoma compared with therapy with CHOP alone: Results of a prospective randomized study of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Blood. 2005;106:3725–3732
  36. Voso MT, Martin S, Hohaus S, Abdallah A, Schlenk RF, Ho AD, et al. Prognostic factors for the clinical outcome of patients with follicular lymphoma following high-dose therapy and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Bone Marrow Transplant. 2000;25:957–964
  37. Berglund A, Enblad G, Carlson K, Glimelius B, Hagberg H. Long-term follow-up of autologous stem-cell transplantation for follicular and transformed follicular lymphoma. Eur J Haematol. 2000;65:17–22
  38. Apostolidis J, Foran JM, Johnson PW, Norton A, Amess J, Matthews J, et al. Patterns of outcome following recurrence after myeloablative therapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation for follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:216–221
  39. Lenz G, Dreyling M, Schiegnitz E, Forstpointner R, Wandt H, Freund M, et al. Myeloablative radiochemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in first remission prolongs progression-free survival in follicular lymphoma: Results of a prospective, randomized trial of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Blood. 2004;104:2667–2674
  40. Deconinck E, Foussard C, Milpied N, Bertrand P, Michenet P, Cornillet-LeFebvre P, et al. High-dose therapy followed by autologous purged stem-cell transplantation and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma: A randomized multicenter study by GOELAMS. Blood. 2005;105:3817–3823
  41. Sebban C, Mounier N, Brousse N, Belanger C, Brice P, Haioun C, et al. Standard chemotherapy with interferon compared with CHOP followed by high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation in untreated patients with advanced follicular lymphoma: The GELF-94 randomized study from the Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte (GELA). Blood. 2006;108:2540–2544
  42. Brice P, Simon D, Bouabdallah R, Belanger C, Haioun C, Thieblemont C, et al. High-dose therapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) after first progression prolonged survival of follicular lymphoma patients included in the prospective GELF 86 protocol. Ann Oncol. 2000;11:1585–1590
  43. Freedman AS, Neuberg D, Mauch P, Soiffer RJ, Anderson KC, Fisher DC, et al. Long-term follow-up of autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma. Blood. 1999;94:3325–3333
  44. Cao TM, Horning S, Negrin RS, Hu WW, Johnston LJ, Taylor TL, et al. High-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic-cell transplantation for follicular lymphoma beyond first remission: The Stanford University experience. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2001;7:294–301
  45. Vignot S, Mounier N, Larghero J, Brice P, Quero L, de Bazelaire C, et al. High-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation can improve event-free survival for indolent lymphoma: A study using patients as their own controls. Cancer. 2007;109:60–67
  46. Schouten HC, Qian W, Kvaloy S, Porcellini A, Hagberg H, Johnson HE, et al. High-dose therapy improves progression-free survival and survival in relapsed follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Results from the randomized European CUP trial. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:3918–3927
  47. Cheson BD. Radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Blood. 2003;101:391–398
  48. Witzig TE. Radioimmunotherapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2006;19:655–668
  49. Gopal AK, Gooley TA, Maloney DG, Petersdorf SH, Eary JF, Rajendran JG, et al. High-dose radioimmunotherapy v conventional high-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A multivariable cohort analysis. Blood. 2003;102:2351–2357
  50. Press OW, Eary JF, Gooley T, Gopal AK, Liu S, Rajendran JG, et al. A phase I/II trial of iodine-131-tositumomab (anti-CD20), etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed B-cell lymphomas. Blood. 2000;96:2934–2942
  51. Vose JM, Bierman PJ, Enke C, Hankins J, Bociek G, Lynch JC, et al. Phase I trial of iodine-131 tositumomab with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for relapsed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:461–467
  52. Pfreundschuh M, Trumper L, Osterborg A, Pettengell R, Trneny M, Imrie K, et al. CHOP-like chemotherapy plus rituximab v CHOP-like chemotherapy alone in young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma: A randomised controlled trial by the MabThera International Trial (MInT) Group. Lancet Oncol. 2006;7:379–391
  53. Philip T, Guglielmi C, Hagenbeek A, Somers R, Van der Lelie H, Bron D, et al. Autologous bone marrow transplantation as compared with salvage chemotherapy in relapses of chemotherapy-sensitive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1540–1545
  54. Haioun C, Lepage E, Gisselbrecht C. Survival benefit of high dose therapy in poor risk aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Final analysis of the prospective LNH87-2 protocol—A Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomse de l’Adulte study. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:3025–3030
  55. Gianni AM, Bregni M, Siena S. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation compared with MACOP-B in aggressive B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1290–1296
  56. Santini G, Salvagno L, Leoni P. VACOP-B v VACOP-B plus autologous bone marrow transplantation for advanced diffuse non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Results of a prospective randomized trial by the Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:2796–2802
  57. Milpied N, Deconinck E, Gailllard F. Initial treatment of aggressive lymphoma with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell support. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1287–1295
  58. Betticher DC, Martinelli G, Radford JA, Kaufmann M, Dyer MJ, Kaiser U, et al. Sequential high dose chemotherapy as initial treatment for aggressive sub-types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Results of the international randomized phase III trial (MISTRAL). Ann Oncol. 2006;17:1546–1552
  59. Kluin-Nelemans HC, Zogonel V, Anastopoulou A. Standard chemotherapy with or without high-dose chemotherapy for aggressive non-hodgkin’s lymphoma: Randomized phase III EORTC study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93:22–30
  60. Kaiser U, Uebelacker I, Abel U. Randomized study to evaluate the use of high-dose therapy as part of primary treatment for “aggressive” lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:4413–4419
  61. Glass B, Kloess M, Bentz M. Dose-escalated CHOP plus etoposide (MegaCHOEP) followed by repeated stem cell transplantation for primary treatment of aggressive high-risk non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2006;107:3058–3064
  62. Mounier N, Gisselbrecht C, Brière J. Prognostic factors in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma treated by front-line autotransplantation after complete remission: A cohort study by the Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:2826–2834
  63. Mounier N, Gisselbrecht C, Briere J. All aggressive lymphoma subtypes do not share similar outcome after front-line autotransplantation: A matched-control analysis by the Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte (GELA). Ann Oncol. 2004;15:1790–1797
  64. Greb A, Bohlius J, Trelle S, Schiefer D, De Souza CA, Gisselbrecht C, et al. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support in first-line treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma—Results of a comprehensive meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev. 2007;33:338–346
  65. Gisselbrecht C, Lepage E, Molina T. Shortened first-line high-dose chemotherapy for patients with poor-prognosis aggressive lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:2472–2479
  66. Tarella C, Zanni M, Di Nicolas M. High CR rate and prolonged EFS in aaIPI 2–3 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma following high-dose sequential chemotherapy and in vivo rituximab-purged stem cell autografting (R-HDS regimen): Results of a prospective phase II multicenter study sponsored by GITIL (Gruppo Italiano Teraie Innovative nei Limfomi). Blood. 2005;106:2068;(abstr)
  67. Belhadj K, Fitoussi O, Haioun C. Rituximab combined to ACVBP (R-ACVBP) as a new inductive treatment followed by high-dose consolidative autotransplantation (HDC) for poor risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in first line (Preliminary results on 119 patients of a GELA phase II study). Blood. 2006;108:3049;(abstr)
  68. Glass B, Kloess M, Reiser M, Freund M, Truemper M, Metzner B. et al: Repeated high-dose therapy followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation with and without rituximab for primary treatment of high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia (submitted)
  69. Haioun C, Mounier N, Emile JF. Rituximab vs. observation after high dose consolidative first-line chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous stem cell transplantation in poor risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Final analysis of the LNH98-B3 study GELA study). Blood. 2005;106:677;(abstr)
  70. Velasquez WS, Cabanillas F, Salvador P, McLaughlin P, Fridrik M, Tucker S, et al. Effective salvage therapy for lymphoma with cisplatin in combination with high-dose Ara-C and dexamethasone (DHAP). Blood. 1988;71:117–122
  71. Philip T, Guglielmi C, Hagenbeek A. Autologous bone marrow transplantation as compared with salvage chemotherapy in relapses of chemotherapy-sensitive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1540–1545
  72. Vellenga E, Notenboom A, Van’t Veer M. Rituximab (Mabthera) improves the treatment results of DHAP-VIM-DHAP and ASCT in relapse/progressive aggressive CD20+ NHL (A prospective randomised HOVON trial). Blood. 2006;108:328;(abstr)
  73. Kewalramani T, Zelenetz AD, Nimer SD. Rituximab and ICE as second-line therapy before autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed or primary refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2004;103:3684–3688
  74. Haioun C, Iltti E, Rahmouni A. [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in aggressive lymphoma: an early prognostic tool for predicting patient outcome. Blood. 2005;106:1376–1381
  75. Dreger P, Rieger M, Seyfarth B, Hensel M, Kneba M, Ho AD, et al. Rituximab-augmented myeloablation for first-line autologous stem cell transplantation for mantle cell lymphoma: Effects on molecular response and clinical outcome. Haematologica. 2007;92:42–49
  76. De Souza C, Cardoso RB, Simoes B, Maiolino A, Moraes AAJC, Ruiz MA, et al. Unselected high-risk IPI NHL presented a high early mortality rate in a prospective randomized study comparing conventional chemotherapy and high-dose escalation followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation. Blood. 2001;98:5346
  77. Intragumtornchai T, Prayoonwiwat W, Numbenjapon T. CHOP v CHOP plus ESHAP and high-dose therapy with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation for high-intermediate-risk and high-risk aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma. 2000;1:219–225
  78. Martelli M, Vignetti M, Zinzani PL. High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation v dexamethasone, cisplatin, and cytarabine in aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with partial response to front-line chemotherapy: A prospective randomized italian multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14:534–542
  79. Martelli M, Gherlinzoni F, De Renzo A. Early autologous stem-cell transplantation v conventional chemotherapy as front-line therapy in high-risk, aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: An Italian multicenter randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:1255–1262
  80. Verdonck LF, van Putten WL, Hagenbeek A. Comparison of CHOP chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation for slowly responding patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1045–1051
  81. Vitolo U, Liberati AM, Cabras MG. High dose sequential chemotherapy with autologous transplantation v dose-dense chemotherapy megaCEOP as first line treatment in poor-prognosis diffuse large ell lymphoma: An “Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi” randomized trial. Haematologica. 2005;90:793–801
  82. Olivieri A, Santini G, Patti C. Upfont high-dose sequential therapy (HDS) v VACOP-B with or without HDS in aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Long term results by the NHLCSG. Ann Oncol. 2005;16:1941–1948
  83. Rodriguez MA, van Besien K, Hagemeister FB. Randomized comparison of frontline alternating chemotherapy (ATT) v brief induction followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for aggressive lymphomas. Blood. 2003;102:11;(abstr. 1458)

PII: S0037-1963(07)00124-2

doi: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2007.08.007

Seminars in Hematology
Volume 44, Issue 4 , Pages 234-245 , October 2007