Seminars in Hematology
Volume 43 , Pages S44-S49 , April 2006

Purine Analogue-Based Chemotherapy Regimens for Second-Line Therapy in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

  • Nicole Lamanna
    • ,
  • Mark A. Weiss

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to Mark A. Weiss, MD, Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021

References 

  1. Diehl LF , Karnell LH , Menck HR  The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society . The National Cancer Data Base report on age, gender, treatment, and outcomes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Cancer . 1999;86:2684–2692
  2. O’Brien S , del Giglio A , Keating M . Advances in the biology and treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Blood . 1995;85:307–318
  3. Zwiebel JA , Cheson BD . Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Staging and prognostic factors) . Semin Oncol . 1998;25:42–59
  4. Dohner H , Stilgenbauer S , Benner A , Leupolt E , Krober A , Bullinger L , et al.   Genomic aberrations and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia . N Engl J Med . 2000;343:1910–1916
  5. Rai KR , Sawitsky A , Cronkite EP , Chanana AD , Levy RN , Pasternack BS . Clinical staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Blood . 1975;46:219–234
  6. Binet JL , Auquier A , Dighiero G , Chastang C , Piguet H , Goasguen J , et al.   A new prognostic classification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia derived from a multivariate survival analysis . Cancer . 1981;48:198–206
  7. Dighiero G , Maloum K , Desablens B , Cazin B , Navarro M , Leblay R , et al.  French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia   Chlorambucil in indolent chronic lymphocytic leukemia . N Engl J Med . 1998;338:1506–1514
  8. The French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia . Effects of chlorambucil and therapeutic decision in initial forms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (stage A) (Results of a randomized clinical trial on 612 patients) . Blood . 1990;75:1414–1421
  9. Cheson BD , Bennett JM , Grever M , Kay N , Keating MJ , O’Brien S , et al.   National Cancer Institute-sponsored Working Group guidelines for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Revised guidelines for diagnosis and treatment) . Blood . 1996;87:4990–4997
  10. Keating MJ , Kantarjian H , Talpaz M , Redman J , Koller C , Barlogie B , et al.   Fludarabine (A new agent with major activity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia) . Blood . 1989;74:19–25
  11. Rai KR , Peterson BL , Appelbaum FR , Kolitz J , Elias L , Shepherd L , et al.   Fludarabine compared with chlorambucil as primary therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia . N Engl J Med . 2000;343:1750–1757
  12. Summerfield GP , Taylor PR , Mounter PJ , Proctor SJ . High-dose chlorambucil for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . Br J Haematol . 2002;116:781–786
  13. Leporrier M , Chevret S , Cazin B , Boudjerra N , Feugier P , Desablens B , et al.   Randomized comparison of fludarabine, CAP, and ChOP in 938 previously untreated stage B and C chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients . Blood . 2001;98:2319–2325
  14. Johnson S , Smith AG , Loffler H , Osby E , Juliusson G , Emmerich B , et al.  The French Cooperative Group on CLL   Multicentre prospective randomised trial of fludarabine versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (CAP) for treatment of advanced-stage chronic lymphocytic leukaemia . Lancet . 1996;347:1432–1438
  15. Robak T , Blonski JZ , Kasznicki M , Blasinska-Morawiec M , Krykowski E , Dmoszynska A , et al.   Cladribine with prednisone versus chlorambucil with prednisone as first-line therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Report of a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial) . Blood . 2000;96:2723–2729
  16. Robak T . The role of nucleoside analogues in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia—Lessons learned from prospective randomized trials . Leuk Lymphoma . 2002;43:537–548
  17. Brogden RN , Sorkin EM . Pentostatin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in lymphoproliferative disorders . Drugs . 1993;46:652–677
  18. Giblett ER , Anderson JE , Cohen F , Pollara B , Meuwissen HJ . Adenosine-deaminase deficiency in two patients with severely impaired cellular immunity . Lancet . 1972;2:1067–1069
  19. Johnson SA , Thomas W . Therapeutic potential of purine analogue combinations in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies . Hematol Oncol . 2000;18:141–153
  20. Grever MR , Kopecky KJ , Coltman CA , Files JC , Greenberg BR , Hutton JJ , et al.   Fludarabine monophosphate (A potentially useful agent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia) . Nouv Rev Fr Hematol . 1988;30:457–459
  21. O’Brien S , Kantarjian H , Beran M , Smith T , Koller C , Estey E , et al.   Results of fludarabine and prednisone therapy in 264 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with multivariate analysis-derived prognostic model for response to treatment . Blood . 1993;82:1695–1700
  22. Keating MJ , O’Brien S , Lerner S , Koller C , Beran M , Robertson LE , et al.   Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) receiving fludarabine regimens as initial therapy . Blood . 1998;92:1165–1171
  23. Keating MJ , Kantarjian H , O’Brien S , Koller C , Talpaz M , Schachner J , et al.   Fludarabine (A new agent with marked cytoreductive activity in untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia) . J Clin Oncol . 1991;9:44–49
  24. Elias L , Stock-Novack D , Head DR , Grever MR , Weick JK , Chapman RA , et al.   A phase I trial of combination fludarabine monophosphate and chlorambucil in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (A Southwest Oncology Group study) . Leukemia . 1993;7:361–365
  25. Weiss M , Spiess T , Berman E , Kempin S . Concomitant administration of chlorambucil limits dose intensity of fludarabine in previously treated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Leukemia . 1994;8:1290–1293
  26. O’Brien SM , Kantarjian HM , Cortes J , Beran M , Koller CA , Giles FJ , et al.   Results of the fludarabine and cyclophosphamide combination regimen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia . J Clin Oncol . 2001;19:1414–1420
  27. Wierda W , O’Brien S , Wen S , Faderl S , Garcia-Manero G , Thomas D , et al.   Chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab for relapsed and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia . J Clin Oncol . 2005;23:4070–4078
  28. Flinn IW , Byrd JC , Morrison C , Jamison J , Diehl LF , Murphy T , et al.   Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide with filgrastim support in patients with previously untreated indolent lymphoid malignancies . Blood . 2000;96:71–75
  29. Weiss MA , Glenn M , Maslak P , Rahman Z , Noy A , Zelenetz A , et al.   Consolidation therapy with high-dose cyclophosphamide improves the quality of response in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with fludarabine as induction therapy . Leukemia . 2000;14:1577–1582
  30. Lamanna N . Advances in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Curr Oncol Rep . 2005;7:333–338
  31. Robak T , Blonski JZ , Kasznicki M , Gora-Tybor J , Dwilewicz-Trojaczek J , Stella-Holowiecka B , et al.   Cladribine combined with cyclophosphamide is highly effective in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Hematol J . 2002;3:244–250
  32. Saven A , Emanuele S , Kosty M , Koziol J , Ellison D , Piro L . 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine activity in patients with untreated, indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma . Blood . 1995;86:1710–1716
  33. Montillo M , Tedeschi A , O’Brien S , Di Raimondo F , Lerner S , Ferrajoli A , et al.   Phase II study of cladribine and cyclophosphamide in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and prolymphocytic leukemia . Cancer . 2003;97:114–120
  34. Grever MR , Siaw MF , Jacob WF , Neidhart JA , Miser JS , Coleman MS , et al.   The biochemical and clinical consequences of 2′-deoxycoformycin in refractory lymphoproliferative malignancy . Blood . 1981;57:406–417
  35. Dillman RO , Yu AL , Qiao CN . Repeated pentostatin (2′deoxycoformycin)-induced remissions in a patient with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia . West J Med . 1988;148:334–337
  36. Dillman RO , Mick R , McIntyre OR . Pentostatin in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (A phase II trial of Cancer and Leukemia Group B) . J Clin Oncol . 1989;7:433–438
  37. Ho AD , Thaler J , Stryckmans P , Coiffier B , Luciani M , Sonneveld P , et al.   Pentostatin in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (A phase II trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) . J Natl Cancer Inst . 1990;82:1416–1420
  38. Johnson SA , Catovsky D , Child JA , Newland AC , Milligan DW , Janmohamed R . Phase I/II evaluation of pentostatin (2′-deoxycoformycin) in a five day schedule for the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia . Invest New Drugs . 1998;16:155–160
  39. Johnston JB , Verburg L , Shore T , Williams M , Israels LG , Begleiter A . Combination therapy with nucleoside analogues and alkylating agents . Leukemia . 1994;8(suppl 1):S140–S143
  40. Spiers AS , Moore D , Cassileth PA , Harrington DP , Cummings FJ , Neiman RS , et al.   Remissions in hairy-cell leukemia with pentostatin (2′-deoxycoformycin) . N Engl J Med . 1987;316:825–830
  41. Grever MR , Bisaccia E , Scarborough DA , Metz EN , Neidhart JA . An investigation of 2′-deoxycoformycin in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma . Blood . 1983;61:279–282
  42. Oken MM , Lee S , Kay NE , Knospe W , Cassileth PA . Pentostatin, chlorambucil and prednisone therapy for B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (A phase I/II study by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study E1488) . Leuk Lymphoma . 2004;45:79–84
  43. Waselenko JK , Grever MR , Beer M , Lucas MA , Byrd JC . Pentostatin (Nipent) and chlorambucil with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor support for patients with previously untreated, treated, and fludarabine-refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Semin Oncol . 2000;27:44–51
  44. Weiss MA , Maslak PG , Jurcic JG , Schenberg DA , Aliff TB , Lamanna N , et al.   Pentostatin and cyclophosphamide (An effective new regimen in previously treated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia) . J Clin Oncol . 2003;21:1278–1284
  45. Abbott BL . Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia . Hematol Oncol . 2005;23:34–40

PII: S0037-1963(05)00266-0

doi: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2005.12.009

Seminars in Hematology
Volume 43 , Pages S44-S49 , April 2006

Article Tools