Seminars in Hematology
Volume 41, Issue 3 , Pages 246-253 , July 2004

The role of stem cell transplantation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

  • V Rizouli

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    • ,
  • J.G Gribben

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to John G. Gribben, MD, DSc, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA 02115 USA

References 

  1. Rozman C, Montserrat E. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1052–1057
  2. Catovsky D, Murphy RL. Key issues in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Eur J Cancer. 1995;31A:2146–2154
  3. Mauro FR, Foa R, Giannarelli D, Cordone I, Crescenzi S, Pescarmona E, et al.  Clinical characteristics and outcome of young chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients (A single institution study of 204 cases). Blood. 1999;94:448–454
  4. Rai KR, Sawitsky A, Cronkite EP, Chanana AD, Levy RN, Pasternack BS. Clinical staging of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1975;46:219–234
  5. Binet JL, Auquier A, Dighiero G, Chastang C, Piguet H, Goasguen J, et al.  A new prognostic classification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia derived from a multivariate survival analysis. Cancer. 1981;48:198–206
  6. Montserrat E, Gomis F, Vallespi T, Rios A, Romero A, Soler J, et al.  Presenting features and prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in younger adults. Blood. 1991;78:1545–1551
  7. Juliusson G, Oscier DG, Fitchett M, Ross FM, Stockdill G, Mackie MJ, et al.  Prognostic subgroups in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia defined by specific chromosomal abnormalities. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:720–724
  8. Oscier DG. Cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Blood Rev. 1994;8:88–97
  9. Matutes E, Oscier D, Garcia-Marco J, Ellis J, Copplestone A, Gillingham R, et al.  Trisomy 12 defines a group of CLL with atypical morphology (Correlation between cytogenetic, clinical and laboratory features in 544 patients). Br J Haematol. 1996;92:383–388
  10. Lee JS, Dixon DO, Kantarjian HM, Keating MJ, Talpaz M. Prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (A multivariate regression analysis of 325 untreated patients). Blood. 1987;69:929–936
  11. Dhodapkar M, Tefferi A, Su J, Phyliky RL. Prognostic features and survival in young adults with early/intermediate chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) (A single institution study). Leukemia. 1993;7:1232–1235
  12. Dohner H, Stilgenbauer S, Benner A, Leupolt E, Krober A, Bullinger L, et al.  Genomic aberrations and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1910–1916
  13. Fais F, Ghiotto F, Hashimoto S, Sellars B, Valetto A, Allen SL, et al.  Chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells express restricted sets of mutated and unmutated antigen receptors. J Clin Invest. 1998;102:1515–1525
  14. Hamblin TJ, Davis Z, Gardiner A, Oscier DG, Stevenson FK. Unmutated Ig V(H) genes are associated with a more aggressive form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1999;94:1848–1854
  15. Damle RN, Wasil T, Fais F, Ghiotto F, Valetto A, Allen SL, et al.  Ig V gene mutation status and CD38 expression as novel prognostic indicators in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1999;94:1840–1847
  16. Chen L, Widhopf G, Huynh L, Rassenti L, Rai KR, Weiss A, et al.  Expression of ZAP-70 is associated with increased B-cell receptor signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2002;100:4609–4614
  17. Crespo M, Bosch F, Villamor N, Bellosillo B, Colomer D, Rozman M, et al.  ZAP-70 expression as a surrogate for immunoglobulin-variable-region mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1764–1775
  18. Durig J, Nuckel H, Cremer M, Fuhrer A, Halfmeyer K, Fandrey J, et al.  ZAP-70 expression is a prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 2003;17:2426–2434
  19. Orchard JA, Ibbotson RE, Davis Z, Wiestner A, Rosenwald A, Thomas PW, et al.  ZAP-70 expression and prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Lancet. 2004;363:105–111
  20. Wiestner A, Rosenwald A, Barry TS, Wright G, Davis RE, Henrickson SE, et al.  ZAP-70 expression identifies a chronic lymphocytic leukemia subtype with unmutated immunoglobulin genes, inferior clinical outcome, and distinct gene expression profile. Blood. 2003;101:4944–4951
  21. Sorensen JM, Vena DA, Fallavollita A, Chun HG, Cheson BD. Treatment of refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia with fludarabine phosphate via the group C protocol mechanism of the National Cancer Institute (Five-year follow-up report). J Clin Oncol. 1997;15:458–465
  22. Keating MJ, Smith TL, Lerner S, O’Brien S, Robertson LE, Kantarjian H, et al.  Prediction of prognosis following fludarabine used as secondary therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2000;37:71–85
  23. Rabinowe SN, Soiffer RJ, Gribben JG, Daley H, Freedman AS, Daley J, et al.  Autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for poor prognosis patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1993;82:1366–1376
  24. Khouri IF, Keating MJ, Vriesendorp HM, Reading CL, Przepiorka D, Huh YO, et al.  Autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (preliminary results). J Clin Oncol. 1994;12:748–758
  25. Michallet M, Archimbaud E, Bandini G, Rowlings PA, Deeg HJ, Gahrton E, et al.  HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation in younger patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:311–315
  26. Michallet M, Thiebaut A, Dreger P, Remes K, Milpied N, Santini G, et al.  Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization and transplantation after fludarabine therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) (A report of the European Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) CLL subcommittee on behalf of the EBMT Chronic Leukaemias Working Party (CLWP)). Br J Haematol. 2000;108:595–601
  27. Jonsson OG, Kitchens RL, Scott FC, Smith RG. Detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia using immunoglobulin hypervariable region specific oligonucleotide probes. Blood. 1990;76:2072–2079
  28. Billadeau D, Blackstadt M, Greipp P, Kyle RA, Oken MM, Kay N, et al.  Analysis of B-lymphoid malignancies using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (A technique for sequential quantitation of residual disease). Blood. 1991;78:3021–3029
  29. Provan D, Bartlettpandite L, Zwicky C, Neuberg D, Maddocks A, Corradini P, et al.  Eradication of polymerase chain reaction-detectable chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells is associated with improved outcome after bone marrow transplantation. Blood. 1996;88:2228–2235
  30. Esteve J, Villamor N, Colomer D, Cervantes F, Campo E, Carreras E, et al.  Stem cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Different outcome after autologous and allogeneic transplantation and correlation with minimal residual disease status). Leukemia. 2001;15:445–451
  31. Schetelig J, Thiede C, Bornhauser M, Schwerdtfeger R, Kiehl M, Beyer J, et al.  Evidence of a graft-versus-leukemia effect in chronic lymphocytic leukemia after reduced-intensity conditioning and allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (The Cooperative German Transplant Study Group). J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2747–2753
  32. Pongers-Willemse MJ, Verhagen OJ, Tibbe GJ, Wijkhuijs AJ, de Haas V, Roovers E, et al.  Real-time quantitative PCR for the detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia using junctional region specific TaqMan probes. Leukemia. 1998;12:2006–2014
  33. Donovan JW, Ladetto M, Zou G, Neuberg D, Poor C, Bowers D, et al.  Immunoglobulin heavy-chain consensus probes for real-time PCR quantification of residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2000;95:2651–2658
  34. Ladetto M, Donovan JW, Harig S, Trojan A, Poor C, Schlossnan R, et al.  Real-time polymerase chain reaction of immunoglobulin rearrangements for quantitative evaluation of minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2000;6:241–253
  35. Bastion Y, Brice P, Haioun C, Sonet A, Salles G, Marolleau JP, et al.  Intensive therapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation in 60 patients with poor-prognosis follicular lymphoma. Blood. 1995;86:3257–3262
  36. Haas R, Moos M, Mohle R, Dohner H, Witt B, Goldschmidt H, et al.  High-dose therapy with peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation in low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1996;17:149–155
  37. Sala R, Mauro FR, Bellucci R, De Propris MS, Cordone I, Lisci A, et al.  Evaluation of marrow and blood haemopoietic progenitors in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia before and after chemotherapy. Eur J Haematol. 1998;61:14–20
  38. Tournilhac O, Cazin B, Lepretre S, Divine M, Maloum K, Delmer A, et al.  Impact of frontline fludarabine and cyclophosphamide combined treatment on peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2004;103:363–365
  39. Hassan HT, Hinz T, Kroger N, Zeller W, Zander AR. Factors influencing platelet recovery after autologous transplantation of G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood stem/progenitor cells following myeloablative therapy in 50 heavily pretreated lymphoma patients. Clin Lab Haematol. 1999;21:21–27
  40. Sutton L, Maloum K, Gonzalez H, Zouabi H, Azar N, Boccaccio C, et al.  Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as salvage treatment for advanced B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia. 1998;12:1699–1707
  41. Montillo M, Tedeschi A, Rossi V, Cairoli R, Pungolino E, Intropido L, et al.  Successful CD34+ cell mobilization by intermediate-dose Ara-C in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients treated with sequential fludarabine and Campath-1H. Leukemia. 2004;18:57–62
  42. Philip T, Armitage JO, Spitzer G, Chauvin F, Jagannath S, Cahn J-P, et al.  High-dose therapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation after failure of conventional chemotherapy in adults with intermediate-grade or high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:1493–1498
  43. Itala M, Pelliniemi TT, Rajamaki A, Remes K. Autologous blood cell transplantation in B-CLL (Response to chemotherapy prior to mobilization predicts the stem cell yield). Bone Marrow Transplant. 1997;19:647–651
  44. Pavletic ZS, Bierman PJ, Vose JM, Bishop MR, Wu CD, Pierson JL, et al.  High incidence of relapse after autologous stem-cell transplantation for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 1998;9:1023–1026
  45. Dreger P, von Neuhoff N, Kuse R, Sonnen R, Glass B, Uharek L, et al.  Early stem cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (A chance for cure?). Br J Cancer. 1998;77:2291–2297
  46. Esteve J, Villamor N, Colomer D, Bosch F, Lopez-Guillermo A, Rovira M, et al.  Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (A report of 12 patients from a single institution). Ann Oncol. 1998;9:167–172
  47. Schey S, Ahsan G, Jones R. Dose intensification and molecular responses in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (A phase II single centre study). Bone Marrow Transplant. 1999;24:989–993
  48. Griffiths H, Lea J, Bunch C, Lee M, Chapel H. Predictors of infection in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Clin Exp Immunol. 1992;89:374–377
  49. Robertson LE, Huh YO, Butler JJ, Pugh WC, Hirsch-Ginsberg C, Stass S, et al.  Response assessment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia after fludarabine plus prednisone (Clinical, pathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular analysis). Blood. 1993;80:29–36
  50. Zomas A, Mehta J, Powles R, Treleaven J, Iveson T, Singhal S, et al.  Unusual infections following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1994;14:799–803
  51. Mehta J, Powles R, Singhal S, Riley U, Treleaven J, Catovsky D. Antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent opportunistic infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia after allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation. Leuk Lymphoma. 1997;26:83–88
  52. Khouri IF, Przepiorka D, van Besien K, O’Brien S, Palmer JL, Lerner S, et al.  Allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (Timing of transplantation and potential effect of fludarabine on acute graft-versus-host disease). Br J Haematol. 1997;97:466–473
  53. Doney KC, Chauncey T, Appelbaum FR. Allogeneic related donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2002;29:817–823
  54. Khouri IF, Keating MJ, Saliba RM, Champlin RE. Long-term follow-up of patients with CLL treated with allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Cytotherapy. 2002;4:217–221
  55. Rondon G, Giralt S, Huh Y, Khouri I, Andersson B, Andreeff M, et al.  Graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1996;18:669–672
  56. deMagalhaes-Silverman M, Donnenberg A, Hammert L, Lister J, Myers D, Simpson J, et al.  Induction of graft-versus-leukemia effect in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 1997;20:175–177
  57. Khouri IF, Keating M, Korbling M, Przepiorka D, Anderlini P, O’Brien S, et al.  Transplant-lite (Induction of graft-versus-malignancy using fludarabine-based nonablative chemotherapy and allogeneic blood progenitor cell transplantation as treatment for lymphoid malignancies). J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:2817–2824
  58. Khouri IF, Saliba RM, Giralt SA, Lee MS, Okoroji GJ, Hagemeister FB, et al.  Nonablative allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation as adoptive immunotherapy for indolent lymphoma (Low incidence of toxicity, acute graft-versus-host disease, and treatment-related mortality). Blood. 2001;98:3595–3599
  59. Khouri IF, Lee MS, Saliba RM, Andersson B, Anderlini P, Couriel D, et al.  Nonablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Impact of rituximab on immunomodulation and survival). Exp Hematol. 2004;32:28–35
  60. Collins RH, Pineiro LA, Agura ED, Fay JW. Treatment of T prolymphocytic leukemia with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1998;21:627–628
  61. Dearden CE, Matutes E, Cazin B, Tjonnfjord GE, Parreira A, Nomdedeu B, et al.  High remission rate in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia with CAMPATH-1H. Blood. 2001;98:1721–1726
  62. Keating MJ, O’Brien S, Kantarjian H, Plunkett W, Estey E, Koller C, et al.  Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with fludarabine as a single agent. Blood. 1993;81:2878–2884
  63. Gjedde SB, Hansen MM. Salvage therapy with fludarabine in patients with progressive B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 1996;21:317–320
  64. Johnson S, Smith AG, Loffler H, Osby E, Juliusson G, Emmerich B, et al.  Multicentre prospective randomised trial of fludarabine versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (CAP) for treatment of advanced-stage chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The French Cooperative Group on CLL. Lancet. 1996;347:1432–1438
  65. O’Brien S, del Giglio A, Keating M. Advances in the biology and treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 1995;85:307–318

PII: S0037-1963(04)00093-9

doi: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2004.05.006

Seminars in Hematology
Volume 41, Issue 3 , Pages 246-253 , July 2004

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution